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Revealed: The hilarious slang used in London 300 years ago - so, do YOU know your 'fuddle cups' from your 'cackling farts'?

Daily Mail - Science & tech

Border czar rips Virginia's new'Bond villain' governor after she blocked ICE on day one... as he lays out plans to move forward without her Texas's largest city warned temperatures will plunge below freezing for 40 HOURS as millions brace for life-threatening storm Mysterious UFO-shaped'Dorito' aircraft spotted over Area 51 as strange military code is heard Meghan Trainor's teary photo with her new baby born via surrogate has sparked an almost unsayable thought. Most women won't admit it... but I will: CAROLINE BULLOCK Billionaire who predicted 2008 crash issues stark warning over'worrying' new US trend but there's one way to protect your savings AND make money McDonald's customers mind-blown after seeing prices on 2009 menu...'when life was worth living' Ryan Reynolds's TORCHED by fans over'cringe' email he allegedly sent to It Ends With Us author Colleen Hoover Florida, Texas and California lead America's housing crash as other Sun Belt states start to crack as values plunge 7.6 percent Canadian woman was euthanized'against her will' after husband was fed-up with caring for her Ex-cop who was beaten on Jan. 6 unleashes on election skeptic in chaotic congressional hearing Dr. Phil's son blocked from selling'life-threatening' footage of NYPD after Mamdani lawsuit Chilling video shows high school student rampaging through classroom with knife... before teacher steps in Trump orders a'massive' military fleet toward Iran with ominous warning about what could come next: 'We're watching' Trump explains how he got bruise on his hand at Davos that sparked MORE health rumours... as he teases FOURTH term Michael Douglas and Catherine Zeta Jones's liberal nepo son is'too spooked' to return to CNN after Scott Jennings eviscerated him during debut appearance Another awkward moment between Victoria Beckham and Nicola Peltz goes viral as fans claim Brooklyn's mum'is not the problem' Woke Karen, 63, lets VERY embarrassing detail slip to the Daily Mail after she mistook cops rushing to school for ICE'and tried to obstruct them' Paris Hilton recalls'abuse' she endured after leaked 2004 sex tape as she protests against AI deepfakes The cancer now killing more Americans under 50 than any other... and why it's still being caught too late Revealed: The hilarious slang used in London 300 years ago - so, do YOU know your'fuddle cups' from your'cackling farts'? From '6,7' to'vibe-coding', new slang words and phrases seem to pop up on an almost daily basis. But it's time to wind the clock back, as a 327-year-old dictionary reveals the slang used in London in the 17th century. The glossary of terms, titled the'New Dictionary of the Terms..of the Canting Crew' was published in 1699 to help stop naive visitors to London from getting mugged or even killed.


Dyslexia and the Reading Wars

The New Yorker

Proven methods for teaching the readers who struggle most have been known for decades. Why do we often fail to use them? "There's a window of opportunity to intervene," Mark Seidenberg, a cognitive neuroscientist, said. "You don't want to let that go." In 2024, my niece Caroline received a Ph.D. in gravitational-wave physics. Her research interests include "the impact of model inaccuracies on biases in parameters recovered from gravitational wave data" and "Petrov type, principal null directions, and Killing tensors of slowly rotating black holes in quadratic gravity." I watched a little of her dissertation defense, on Zoom, and was lost as soon as she'd finished introducing herself. She and her husband now live in Italy, where she has a postdoctoral appointment. Caroline's academic achievements seem especially impressive if you know that until third grade she could barely read: to her, words on a page looked like a pulsing mass. She attended a private school in Connecticut, and there was a set time every day when students selected books to read on their own. "I can't remember how long that lasted, but it felt endless," she told me. She hid her disability by turning pages when her classmates did, and by volunteering to draw illustrations during group story-writing projects. One day, she told her grandmother that she could sound out individual letters but when she got to "the end of a row" she couldn't remember what had come before. A psychologist eventually identified her condition as dyslexia. Fluent readers sometimes think of dyslexia as a tendency to put letters in the wrong order or facing the wrong direction, but it's more complicated than that.


Learning to Use AI for Learning: Teaching Responsible Use of AI Chatbot to K-12 Students Through an AI Literacy Module

Xiao, Ruiwei, Hou, Xinying, Tseng, Ying-Jui, Nieu, Hsuan, Liao, Guanze, Stamper, John, Koedinger, Kenneth R.

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly integrated into daily life, there is a growing need to equip the next generation with the ability to apply, interact with, evaluate, and collaborate with AI systems responsibly. Prior research highlights the urgent demand from K-12 educators to teach students the ethical and effective use of AI for learning. To address this need, we designed an Large-Language Model (LLM)-based module to teach prompting literacy. This includes scenario-based deliberate practice activities with direct interaction with intelligent LLM agents, aiming to foster secondary school students' responsible engagement with AI chatbots. We conducted two iterations of classroom deployment in 11 authentic secondary education classrooms, and evaluated 1) AI-based auto-grader's capability; 2) students' prompting performance and confidence changes towards using AI for learning; and 3) the quality of learning and assessment materials. Results indicated that the AI-based auto-grader could grade student-written prompts with satisfactory quality. In addition, the instructional materials supported students in improving their prompting skills through practice and led to positive shifts in their perceptions of using AI for learning. Furthermore, data from Study 1 informed assessment revisions in Study 2. Analyses of item difficulty and discrimination in Study 2 showed that True/False and open-ended questions could measure prompting literacy more effectively than multiple-choice questions for our target learners. These promising outcomes highlight the potential for broader deployment and highlight the need for broader studies to assess learning effectiveness and assessment design.


Artificial intelligence research has a slop problem, academics say: 'It's a mess'

The Guardian

The author, Kevin Zhu, now runs Algoverse, an AI research and mentoring company for high schoolers. The author, Kevin Zhu, now runs Algoverse, an AI research and mentoring company for high schoolers. Artificial intelligence research has a slop problem, academics say: 'It's a mess' AI research in question as author claims to have written over 100 papers on AI that one expert calls a'disaster' A single person claims to have authored 113 academic papers on artificial intelligence this year, 89 of which will be presented this week at one of the world's leading conference on AI and machine learning, which has raised questions among computer scientists about the state of AI research. Zhu himself graduated from high school in 2018. Papers he has put out in the past two years cover subjects like using AI to locate nomadic pastoralists in sub-Saharan Africa, to evaluate skin lesions, and to translate Indonesian dialects.


Artificial Intelligence Competence of K-12 Students Shapes Their AI Risk Perception: A Co-occurrence Network Analysis

Heilala, Ville, Sikström, Pieta, Setälä, Mika, Kärkkäinen, Tommi

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly integrated into education, understanding how students perceive its risks is essential for supporting responsible and effective adoption. This research aimed to examine the relationships between perceived AI competence and risks among Finnish K-12 upper secondary students (n = 163) by utilizing a co-occurrence analysis. Students reported their self-perceived AI competence and concerns related to AI across systemic, institutional, and personal domains. The findings showed that students with lower competence emphasized personal and learning-related risks, such as reduced creativity, lack of critical thinking, and misuse, whereas higher-competence students focused more on systemic and institutional risks, including bias, inaccuracy, and cheating. These differences suggest that students' self-reported AI competence is related to how they evaluate both the risks and opportunities associated with artificial intelligence in education (AIED). The results of this study highlight the need for educational institutions to incorporate AI literacy into their curricula, provide teacher guidance, and inform policy development to ensure personalized opportunities for utilization and equitable integration of AI into K-12 education.


Police arrest high school student over cyberattack on net cafe operator

The Japan Times

The Metropolitan Police Department arrested a 17-year-old boy on Thursday for allegedly carrying out a cyberattack on the operator of the Kaikatsu Club internet cafe chain, sources said. Tokyo police served an arrest warrant on a 17-year-old boy on Thursday for allegedly carrying out a cyberattack on the operator of the Kaikatsu Club internet cafe chain, investigative sources said. The Metropolitan Police Department arrested the second-year high school student from the city of Osaka over an alleged violation of the law against unauthorized computer access and fraudulent obstruction of business. According to the sources, the boy fraudulently obtained about 7.25 million sets of Kaikatsu Club membership information with a computer program he created using the ChatGPT artificial intelligence chatbot. The boy is said to have skills strong enough to have won awards in cybersecurity competitions, as reported by TBS.


EZYer: A simulacrum of high school with generative agent

Yang, Jinming, Ji, Zimu, Luo, Weiqi, Wang, Gaoxi, Ma, Bin, Deng, Yueling

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

With the rapid development of the online education and large language model, the existing educational tools still suffer from incomplete service, insufficient performance and weak interactivity in terms of courseware generation, interactive notes and quality assurance of content. In particular, the proposed generative agent EZYer : 1) Teacher Module: Integrating the Text Corpus retrieval and in-depth generation technologies, it automatically generates structured teaching materials and LaTeX Beamer courseware in line with the high school mathematics syllabus and supports user-defined image insertion. 2) Student Module: Throughout the collaborative interaction of the four roles of Teacher, Assistant, Top Student and Struggling Student, Note Taker summarizes and generates academic notes to enhance the depth and interest of learning. 3) Controller: set up keyword filtering system, content scoring system, role co-validation system, and dynamic content correction system. This ensure academic strictness and pedagogical propriety of EZYer inputs and outputs. In order to evaluate EZYer, this paper designs five-dimensional evaluation indexes of content accuracy, knowledge coverage, usability, formatting correctness and visual design and appeal, and scores 100 Beamer and Notes generated by EZYer by five large language models, separately, and the results show that the quality of EZYer-generated content is excellent and has a good application prospect.


EduEval: A Hierarchical Cognitive Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models in Chinese Education

Ma, Guoqing, Zhu, Jia, Guo, Hanghui, Shi, Weijie, Cui, Yue, Shen, Jiawei, Li, Zilong, Liang, Yidan

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate significant potential for educational applications. However, their unscrutinized deployment poses risks to educational standards, underscoring the need for rigorous evaluation. We introduce EduEval, a comprehensive hierarchical benchmark for evaluating LLMs in Chinese K-12 education. This benchmark makes three key contributions: (1) Cognitive Framework: We propose the EduAbility Taxonomy, which unifies Bloom's Taxonomy and Webb's Depth of Knowledge to organize tasks across six cognitive dimensions including Memorization, Understanding, Application, Reasoning, Creativity, and Ethics. (2) Authenticity: Our benchmark integrates real exam questions, classroom conversation, student essays, and expert-designed prompts to reflect genuine educational challenges; (3) Scale: EduEval comprises 24 distinct task types with over 11,000 questions spanning primary to high school levels. We evaluate 14 leading LLMs under both zero-shot and few-shot settings, revealing that while models perform well on factual tasks, they struggle with classroom dialogue classification and exhibit inconsistent results in creative content generation. Interestingly, several open source models outperform proprietary systems on complex educational reasoning. Few-shot prompting shows varying effectiveness across cognitive dimensions, suggesting that different educational objectives require tailored approaches. These findings provide targeted benchmarking metrics for developing LLMs specifically optimized for diverse Chinese educational tasks.


A Very Big Fight Over a Very Small Language

The New Yorker

In the Swiss Alps, a plan to tidy up Romansh--spoken by less than one per cent of the country--set off a decades-long quarrel over identity, belonging, and the sound of authenticity. After reformers launched Rumantsch Grischun, a standardized version of Romansh's various dialects, traditionalists denounced it as a "bastard," a "castrated" tongue, an act of "linguistic murder." Ask him how it all began, and he remembers the ice. It was a bitter morning in January, 1982, when Bernard Cathomas, aged thirty-six, carefully picked his way up a slippery, sloping Zurich street. His destination was No. 33, an ochre house with green shutters--the home of Heinrich Schmid, a linguist at the University of Zurich. Inside, the décor suggested that "professor" was an encompassing identity: old wooden floors, a faded carpet, a living room seemingly untouched since the nineteen-thirties, when Schmid had grown up in the house. Schmid's wife served, a Swiss carrot cake that manages bourgeois indulgence with a vegetable alibi. Cathomas had already written from Chur, in the canton of the Grisons, having recently become the general secretary of the Lia Rumantscha, a small association charged with protecting Switzerland's least known national language, Romansh. Spoken by less than one per cent of the Swiss population, the language was itself splintered into five major "idioms," not always readily intelligible to one another, each with its own spelling conventions. Earlier attempts at unification had collapsed in rivalries. In his letter, Cathomas said that Schmid's authority would be valuable in standardizing the language. Cathomas wrote in German but started and ended in his native Sursilvan, the biggest of the Romansh idioms: " ." Translation: "I thank you very much for your interest and attention to this problem." Schmid, the man he was counting on, hadn't grown up speaking Romansh; he first learned it in high school, and later worked on the "Dicziunari Rumantsch Grischun," a Romansh dictionary begun in 1904 and still lumbering toward completion.


A Novel Framework for Augmenting Rating Scale Tests with LLM-Scored Text Data

Watson, Joe, O'Connor, Ivan, Chen, Chia-Wen, Sun, Luning, Luo, Fang, Stillwell, David

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Psychological assessments are dominated by rating scales, which cannot capture the nuance in natural language. Efforts to supplement them with qualitative text have relied on labelled datasets or expert rubrics, limiting scalability. We introduce a framewo rk that avoids this reliance: large language models (LLMs) score free - text responses with simple prompts to produce candidate LLM items, from which we retain those that yield the most test information when co - calibrated with a baseline scale. Using depress ion as a case study, we developed and tested the method in upper - secondary students (n=693) and a matched synthetic dataset (n=3,000). Results on held - out test sets show ed that augmenting a 19 - item scale with LLM items improved its precision, accuracy, and convergent validity. Further, the test information gain matched that of adding as many as 16 rating - scale items. This framework leverage s the increas ing availability of transcribed language to enhance psychometric measures, with applications in clinical h ealth and beyond.